SQL Properties: • SQL is a declarative language: it states what we want, not how to get it • SQL is functional: it builds results by applying functions to inputs • SQL treats data as sets, enabling powerful set-based operations

Three Constraints in Relational Databases:

  1. Relational integrity - consistent schema
  2. Atomic integrity - no nested tables
  3. Domain integrity - valid values per attribute

Summary

🚐Summary

Summary

Introduction of database history • Description of Big Data with the three Vs—Volume, Variety, Velocity • Challenges with capacity, throughput, and latency • Solutions like parallelization and batch processing

Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) • Structured data storage using tables with rows and columns • ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) ensure data integrity • SQL (Structured Query Language) for data manipulation and querying • Normalization techniques to reduce data redundancy • Support for complex relationships between data entities through foreign keys • Examples include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and SQL Server

🚐

SQL Properties: • SQL is a declarative language: it states what we want, not how to get it • SQL is functional: it builds results by applying functions to inputs • SQL treats data as sets, enabling powerful set-based operations

Three Constraints in Relational Databases:

  1. Relational integrity - consistent schema
  2. Atomic integrity - no nested tables
  3. Domain integrity - valid values per attribute